十Christian Japan
Place guide · Kyoto, Osaka & beyond · Memorial

Osaka: The Beatification of Justo Takayama Ukon and the Last Missionary

On 7 February 2017 about ten thousand people filled Osaka-jō Hall, below the castle walls, to hear a cardinal sent by the Pope declare Justo Takayama Ukon blessed. Four centuries earlier, in the same city, the last priest of the region had died hanging in a pit, an old man who had lived on what he found in the mountains.

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Osaka is where the Church in Japan finally honoured Ukon, the lord who lost everything rather than his faith. It is also where his fellow exile Diogo Yūki, a Japanese Jesuit ordained in Manila, came back to serve the hidden Christians of the Kinai alone until he was taken and martyred in 1636.

The low green-roofed dome of Osaka-jō Hall beside the moat, with the castle keep on the hill behind
The low green-roofed dome of Osaka-jō Hall beside the moat, with the castle keep on the hill behind.Osaka-jō Hall, 7 August 2014. Mc681, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commons

In 60 seconds

The place in 8 steps. Each line is footnoted.

  1. Jan 1597The twenty-four prisoners from Kyoto are paraded through Osaka and Sakai on their way to Nagasaki.
  2. 1614Diogo Yūki is exiled to Manila with Takayama Ukon.
  3. 1615Yūki is ordained priest in Manila.
  4. 1616He returns in secret and works from Kyoto and Osaka.
  5. Feb 1636Captured in the mountains, he dies in Osaka by the torment of the pit, aged 62.
  6. 1963The Cathedral of St Mary is built at Tamatsukuri.
  7. 7 Feb 2017Ukon is beatified at Osaka-jō Hall.
  8. 8 Feb 2017Mass of thanksgiving in the cathedral.

A hall below the castle

The beatification Mass was celebrated in Osaka-jō Hall by Cardinal , prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, as the Pope's representative. About ten thousand faithful came from Japan and abroad. With them Cardinal Luis Antonio , Archbishop of Manila, the city where Ukon died, about thirty bishops and some three hundred priests concelebrated, and many people connected with Ukon were invited. In a solemn rite Ukon's beatification was proclaimed, and a new portrait of him, painted by Mimaki Kazuko, was unveiled during the Mass.

The Church honoured him as a father of a family and a lay faithful of Japan who died a martyr in Manila in 1615, repeating the name of Jesus; rather than compromise, he gave up honours and comfort and accepted humiliation and exile.

Sources: a hall below the castle

The Bishops' Conference published the homily, the numbers present and the order of the day; the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints keeps the record of the beatification.

On the mapThe beatification
Osaka-jō Hall, St Mary's Cathedral. Full atlas and pin sources
8 February 2017

The cathedral at Tamatsukuri

The next day a Mass of thanksgiving was held in the cathedral of the archdiocese, St Mary's at Tamatsukuri, and in the days after in Kanazawa, Tokyo and other dioceses. The parish was founded in 1894 with a church of St Agnes on this site; it burned in the war, was rebuilt as the church of St Francis Xavier, and in 1963 became the Cathedral of St Mary. Before its main door stand statues of Justo Takayama Ukon and by Abe Masayoshi.

1574 to 1636

Diogo Yūki, the last missionary of Osaka

Ryōsetsu was born in Awa in 1574. As a boy he entered the seminary that moved from Azuchi to Takatsuki, Ukon's town, and in 1595 he joined the Society of Jesus on Amakusa. From 1601 he studied for three years in Macao with Julião Nakaura. In 1614 he was exiled to Manila with Takayama Ukon, and there in 1615 he was ordained priest. The Jesuit provincial wrote of him: "Father Diogo Yūki, Japanese, honest and hardworking, effective and of great influence among the Japanese."

In 1616 he slipped back into Nagasaki and was sent to Kyoto. From Kyoto and Osaka he went out almost every year to the Kinai, Shikoku and as far as Edo, and he once visited Christians exiled to Tsugaru. In 1619 he stood by the martyrs of Kyoto and buried them. One by one the missionaries fell into the persecutors' hands, until Yūki was the only priest left in the Kinai. Like Jesus, the Bishops' Conference writes, he walked the long road of the cross alone, and his zeal never failed.

At last he was taken in the mountains near Osaka, and in February 1636 he ended his road in Osaka in the . His faithful companion, the , was at his side. The officer sent from Nagasaki reported that the old man spoke with confidence: he had lived hidden in the mountains with no place to stay and ate what nature gave him. He was 62.

On the mapDiogo Yūki's road
Osaka, Takatsuki castle site, Manila (Intramuros). Full atlas and pin sources
Timeline

The dated story

Every dated event on this page, with its sources. Filter by section.

  1. 1574Diogo Yūki born in Awa
  2. 1595Yūki joins the Jesuits
  3. Jan 1597The twenty-four paraded through Osaka
  4. 1601Yūki studies in Macao
  5. 1614Exiled to Manila with Ukon
  6. 1615Ordained in Manila
  7. 1616Returns to Japan
  8. 1619Buries the Kyoto martyrs
  9. Feb 1636Martyred in Osaka
  10. 1894Tamatsukuri parish founded
  11. 1963Cathedral of St Mary built
  12. 7 Feb 2017Ukon beatified at Osaka-jō Hall
  13. 8 Feb 2017Thanksgiving Mass in the cathedral
Atlas

Where it happened

Each pin is a place named on this page. Coordinates come from official prefecture maps, OpenStreetMap or Wikidata, as listed. Rows marked "not yet pinned" have no verified pin.

This placeRelated site
PlaceWhy it matters hereCoordinatesCoordinate source
Osaka-jō HallVenue of the 2017 beatification34.6896442, 135.5301038OpenStreetMap way/176303041
St Mary's Cathedral, TamatsukuriThanksgiving Mass; Ukon and Gracia statues34.6785235, 135.5272312OpenStreetMap way/783518855, カトリック玉造教会
OsakaWhere Diogo Yūki died; the place is not known34.6937569, 135.5014539OpenStreetMap relation/358674, city level
Takatsuki castle siteWhere Yūki went to the seminary34.8434651, 135.6218920OpenStreetMap node/3939652182
Manila (Intramuros)Exile and ordination14.5909588, 120.9746537OpenStreetMap relation 103707
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Words on this page

torment of the pit 穴吊り
Hanging a prisoner head down in a pit, the torment by which Yūki died.
dōjuku 同宿
Lay catechist who lived with and helped a missionary.
Sources

Footnotes

Translations from Japanese sources are ours.

  1. Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, "高山右近列福式:ミサ説教、参加者数、肖像画" (7 Feb 2017), source link (checked 19 Oct 2026)
  2. Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, "高山右近列福式、無事終了" (10 Feb 2017), source link (checked 19 Oct 2026)
  3. Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, "Beatificazione, 07-02-2017," source link (checked 19 Oct 2026)
  4. Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, Special Committee for Canonisation and Beatification, "大坂の最後の宣教師 ディオゴ結城了雪," source link (checked 19 Oct 2026)
  5. Catholic Tamatsukuri Church (Osaka Takamatsu Cathedral of St Mary), "About Tamatsukuri Church" and "ファッサード," source link and source link (checked 19 Oct 2026)
  6. Togitsu Town, Social Education Division, "日本二十六聖人 上陸の地解説" (updated 10 Mar 2025), source link, as used in our place guide "Ichijō Modoribashi"
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