What we rely on, and how sure we are
Every fact on Christian Japan carries a footnote. This page gathers the sources behind the chapters, the core research log and the compendium of local and lesser-known sources, with our reliability notes.
How we cite
One fact, one footnote
Every sentence that states a fact points to a numbered source on its page. Tap the number to read the citation.
Labels for uncertainty
What we prefer
Primary records and official heritage bodies first (national and prefectural databases, museums, the dioceses and parishes), then peer-reviewed scholarship, then local guides. Open encyclopedias such as Wikipedia are treated as leads to better sources; any still cited is flagged for replacement.
Chapter bibliographies
IThe Christian Century17 sourcesRead the chapter
- 1
Georg Schurhammer SJ, St. Francis Xavier, the Apostle of India and Japan, trans. F. J. Eble (St. Louis: Herder, 1928), chapters "A New Gate" to "Xavier's Last Voyage"
No public link
- 2
Miyazaki Kentarō, "Roman Catholic Mission in Pre-Modern Japan," in Mark R. Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. 1 to 18
No public link
- 3
Kadota Akira, "鹿児島とキリスト教," Catholic Diocese of Kagoshima (2007)
- 4
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "Chronology of Christianity in Japan Centered on Nagasaki" (R1-00781)
- 5
Oratio.jp (Nagasaki Prefecture), column "バスチャンの日繰りとは？" (Kawamura Noriko)
- 6
Takatsuki City, "高山右近高槻天主教会堂跡,"
- 7
Laudate (Daughters of St Paul), "南蛮寺跡（中京区蛸薬師通）" (2008), ()
- 8
Laudate, "有馬のセミナリオ跡" (2009), ()
- 9
Kobe City Museum, collection record "南蛮屏風" (Kanō Naizen)
- 10
George Elison (Jurgis Elisonas), English translation of the 1587 decree (the Matsuura copy, Matsuura Historical Museum) and of the 23 July notice (Ise shrine archives), in Sources of Japanese Tradition, vol. 2 (2006), pp. 167 to 168, as quoted in Carla Tronu Montane, Sacred Space and Ritual in Early Modern Japan (PhD thesis, SOAS, 2012), pp. 101 to 103, (101 Sources Log key ELISON)
- 11
Japan Tourism Agency, "Monument of the Coming Ashore of the 26 Martyrs" (R2-00478)
- 12
Agency for Cultural Affairs, national designation database, "紙本金地著色南蛮人渡来図,"
- 13
Ibaraki City, "あけずの櫃内キリシタン遺物一式,"
- 14
Kobe City Museum, collection record "聖フランシスコ・ザビエル像,"
- 15
Laudate (Daughters of St Paul), キリシタンゆかりの地, "有馬のセミナリオ跡" (11 Jan 2009), ()
- 16
Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, "Beatificazione, 07-02-2017: Justus Takayama Ukon" (lay martyr, died at Manila in 1615; chose humiliation and exile rather than compromise), (checked 19 Oct 2026)
- 17
Hubert Cieslik SJ, "Alessandro Valignano: Pioneer in Adaptation," Early Missionaries in Japan 5, in Francis Britto (ed.), All about Francis Xavier (Sophia University web collection), p. 5 (mission finances).
No public link
IIThe Hidden Centuries16 sourcesRead the chapter
- 1
Miyazaki Kentarō, "Roman Catholic Mission in Pre-Modern Japan," in Mark R. Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Leiden: Brill, 2003), ch. 1, pp. 1 to 18
No public link
- 2
Miyazaki Kentarō, "The Kakure Kirishitan Tradition," in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), ch. 2, pp. 19 to 34
No public link
- 3
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "Chronology of Christianity in Japan Centered on Nagasaki" (R1-00781)
- 4
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "The Age of Hiding" chronology (R1-00782)
- 5
Urakami Cathedral parish history pages, "総流配より帰郷後の窮乏 / 仮聖堂の建立 / 十字架山参詣地設立,"
- 6
Wakayama Prefectural Archives, education worksheet "キリシタン禁制" with the text of the 1682 notice board
- 7
e-Kokuho (National Institutes for Cultural Heritage), Tokyo National Museum fumi-e record C-711 (as cited in the 101 article, fn 11)
No public link
- 8
Kotobank, "踏絵," (as cited in the 101 article, fn 12)
- 9
Nakazono Shigeo, "ぐるりよーざ," Ikitsuki lecture series, Shima no Yakata (May 2014)
- 10
Oratio.jp (Nagasaki Prefecture), column "バスチャンの日繰りとは？" (Kawamura Noriko)
- 11
Oratio.jp, column "バスチャン伝説,"
- 12
Amakusa City, "天草の﨑津集落とは" (World Heritage pages), ; Amakusa City, "潜伏キリシタンに関する新史料を発見！" (2025, the 1806 kōtatsu ruling from the Ueda family papers)
- 13
ColBase (National Institutes for Cultural Heritage), Tokyo National Museum C-600, "白磁観音立像,"
- 14
Nagasaki City, Cultural Properties Division, "枯松神社," ()
- 15
Tsuwano Catholic Church (Diocese of Hiroshima), "乙女峠の証し人たち,"
- 16
Church Trust, "歴史 / History" (Ōura)
IIIDiscovery and Exile16 sourcesRead the chapter
- 1
Francisque Marnas, La Religion de Jésus ressuscitée au Japon dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, vol. 1 (Paris and Lyon, 1897), Book 2, ch. 1, pp. 487 to 500, quoting Petitjean's letters of 18 and 22 March 1865
No public link
- 2
Nagasaki City, Nagazine, "大浦天主堂の創建と信徒発見" (church/9)
- 3
Church Trust, "歴史 / History" (Ōura)
- 4
Oratio.jp, Orasho tsūshin vol. 37, "サンタ・マリアの御像はどこ？,"
- 5
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "復活後の迫害1," ()
- 6
Archbishop Takami Mitsuaki, homily for the 150th anniversary of the tabi, 22 July 2018, Archdiocese of Nagasaki
- 7
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "総流配より帰郷後の窮乏," ()
- 8
Tsuwano Catholic Church (Diocese of Hiroshima), "乙女峠の証し人たち," ()
- 9
National Archives of Japan, "日本のあゆみ," 1873 removal of the notice boards (Dajōkan Proclamation No. 68)
- 10
Japan Tourism Agency, "高札撤去：信仰が自由な時代へ" (PDF), ()
- 11
Okayama Prefecture tourism, "鶴島," ()
- 12
- 13
Miyazaki Kentarō, "Roman Catholic Mission in Pre-Modern Japan" and "The Kakure Kirishitan Tradition," in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), pp. 16 to 17 and 21
No public link
- 14
Kotobank, "杉本ゆり" (Nihon jinmei daijiten), ; Nagasaki Prefecture tourism, "長崎新キリシタン紀行 vol.5,"
- 15
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "キリシタンの復活,"
- 16
Miyoshi Chiharu, "Shinto, Nationalism and the Catholic Church in the Early Showa Era," 신학과 철학 (Theology and Philosophy, Sogang University) 18 (2011), pp. 11 to 43 (protest and reply, pp. 12 to 13, citing Yasumaru and Miyaji (eds.), Nihon kindai shisō taikei 5)
No public link
IVThe Modern Church28 sourcesRead the chapter
- 1
Japan Tourism Agency, "高札撤去：信仰が自由な時代へ" (PDF), ()
- 2
National Archives of Japan, "日本のあゆみ," 1873 removal of the notice boards
- 3
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "総流配より帰郷後の窮乏 / 仮聖堂の建立,"
- 4
National Diet Library, Birth of the Constitution of Japan, "The Constitution of the Empire of Japan," trans. Ito Miyoji (1889), Article 28
- 5
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "本聖堂の建設,"
- 6
Nagasaki City, Nagazine, church series vol. 12
- 7
Church Trust, "歴史 / History" (Ōura)
- 8
Shin-Kamigotō Town Board of Education, notice on Tetsukawa Yosuke's drawings, ()
- 9
Nagasaki Prefecture cultural properties database, "頭ヶ島天主堂,"
- 10
Junshin Seibokai, founder page, "ヤヌワリオ 早坂久之助司教,"
- 11
George H. Minamiki SJ, "The Yasukuni Shrine Incident and the Chinese Rites Controversy," Catholic Historical Review 66:2 (1980), pp. 205 to 229
No public link
- 12
Aso Masaru, "1930年代奄美大島におけるカトリックをめぐる排撃と「排除の景観」の形成," Jinbun Chiri 63:1 (2011), ()
- 13
Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, glossary "宗教団体法,"
- 14
A. Hamish Ion, "The Cross Under an Imperial Sun," in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), ch. 4, pp. 69 to 100
No public link
- 15
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, memorial database, "浦上天主堂遺壁" (2001 plaque text)
- 16
National Diet Library, Collaborative Reference Database, entry on Unosawa Tatsuo, ; Matsumoto Stained Glass, history page
- 17
Nagasaki Saruku, "東洋一の教会「浦上天主堂」,"
- 18
Nagasaki City Nagai Takashi Memorial Museum, "業績と年表,"
- 19
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "原爆被災,"
- 20
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, "Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region" (no. 1495, 2018)
- 21
- 22
IRFA (archives of the Paris Foreign Missions Society), biographical notice 0759, Bernard Petitjean
- 23
Nagasaki Prefecture cultural properties database, "堂崎教会," ; Gotō City, "堂崎教会,"
- 24
- 25
Nagasaki Prefecture cultural properties database, "大曾教会,"
- 26
Miyoshi Chiharu, "Shinto, Nationalism and the Catholic Church in the Early Showa Era," 신학과 철학 (Theology and Philosophy, Sogang University) 18 (2011), pp. 11 to 43 (Taguchi, pp. 32 to 33)
No public link
- 27
John Breen, chapter with running head "Shinto and Christianity," in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), about pp. 249 to 276 (Religious Organizations Law, pp. 266 to 267)
No public link
- 28
Nagasaki Prefecture, おらしょ こころ旅, "手作りの擬似ステンドグラス," ; Naru Island official guide, Egami church
VAfter the Bomb26 sourcesRead the chapter
- 1
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "原爆被災,"
- 2
Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, permanent exhibit, section B-3
- 3
Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, permanent exhibit, section B-2 "浦上天主堂の惨状,"
- 4
Archbishop Peter Nakamura Michiaki, homily, 9 Aug 2025, Archdiocese of Nagasaki
- 5
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "平和の建設 / 仮聖堂の建立（原爆後）," ()
- 6
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "永井隆博士の愛の活動と死,"
- 7
SCAPIN-448 (15 Dec 1945), Nagoya University SCAPIN database
- 8
Noguchi Kaemon, letter to Fr Kawazoe Takeshi, in Kawazoe, ふろしき賛歌 (1994), transcribed at
- 9
Nagasaki Shimbun, "被爆マリア像 悲惨さ無言で訴え" (4 Aug 2010)
- 10
Fukuma Yoshiaki, "広島・長崎と「記憶の場」のねじれ," 立命館大学人文科学研究所紀要 110, (citing 『神の家族四〇〇年 浦上小教区沿革史』 and the 1958 council minutes)
- 11
Tomoe Otsuki, "The Politics of Reconstruction and Reconciliation in U.S.-Japan Relations: Dismantling the Atomic Bomb Ruins of Nagasaki's Urakami Cathedral," Asia-Pacific Journal 13:32 (2015), ; nippon.com, "戦後70年目の原子爆弾被爆地「ナガサキ」を訪ねて" (2015)
- 12
Constitution of Japan, Article 20, Japanese Law Translation
- 13
Nagasaki City Nagai Takashi Memorial Museum, "業績と年表,"
- 14
Takase Tsuyoshi, ナガサキ 消えたもう一つの「原爆ドーム」 (Heibonsha, 2009), as summarised by nippon.com (source 11)
No public link
- 15
Christian Today (Japan), "長崎で日本初の列福式 江戸期の殉教188人福者に," 25 Nov 2008
- 16
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, "Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region" (no. 1495)
- 17
Nagasaki Prefecture, おらしょ こころ旅, "再建した聖堂のお色直し,"
- 18
Church Trust, "歴史 / History,"
- 19
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, "浦上天主堂での司祭叙階ミサ" (25 Feb 1981), ; English text, "Holy Mass with Priestly Ordinations (25 February 1981)," EWTN Library, ; Japan Tourism Agency R1-00782 (first papal visit)
- 20
Holy See, programme of Pope Francis's journey to Thailand and Japan, 19 to 26 Nov 2019
- 21
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, "カトリック教会現勢 2024,"
- 22
Nakazono Shigeo, "生月学講座：かくれキリシタンの画期," Shima no Yakata (2024), ()
- 23
Nagasaki Shimbun, San Jiwan festival at Karematsu Shrine, 4 Nov 2025, ()
- 24
Urakami Cathedral parish history, "本聖堂の建設" (section 10, bells)
- 25
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, "長崎・殉教者記念ミサ" (26 Feb 1981), ; English text, EWTN Library
- 26
Holy See, "Address on Nuclear Weapons at the Atomic Bomb Hypocenter Park (Nagasaki, 24 November 2019),"
Core sources
From the 101 Sources Log, the research log behind the Hand to Hand article and the chapters.
- KAG
Kadota Akira, "鹿児島とキリスト教" series, Catholic Diocese of Kagoshima website (2007), article quoting Xavier's letter on the Kagoshima landing.
Diocesan history article (quotes primary letter) · JA · kagoshima-catholic.jp
- JTA1
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "Chronology of Christianity in Japan Centered on Nagasaki" (R1-00781, FY2019; text by the Nagasaki and Amakusa World Heritage council).
Official government chronology · EN/JA · mlit.go.jp
- JTA2
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "The Age of Hiding" chronology (R1-00782, FY2019).
Official government chronology · EN/JA · mlit.go.jp
- JTA26
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "Monument of the Coming Ashore of the 26 Martyrs" (R2-00478, 2020; Togitsu).
Official heritage commentary · EN/JA · mlit.go.jp
- JTA788
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, Bastian commentary (R1-00788), read via search extract only.
Official heritage commentary · EN/JA · mlit.go.jp
- MIY1
Miyazaki Kentarō, "Roman Catholic Mission in Pre-Modern Japan," in Mark R. Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Leiden: Brill, 2003), ch. 1, pp. 1 to 18.
Scholarly handbook chapter · EN · No public link
- MIY2
Miyazaki Kentarō, "The Kakure Kirishitan Tradition," in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), ch. 2, pp. 19 to 34.
Scholarly handbook chapter · EN · No public link
- ION
A. Hamish Ion, "The Cross Under an Imperial Sun: Imperialism, Nationalism, and Japanese Christianity, 1895 to 1945," in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), ch. 4, pp. 69 to 100.
Scholarly handbook chapter · EN · No public link
- MIN
George H. Minamiki SJ, "The Yasukuni Shrine Incident and the Chinese Rites Controversy," Catholic Historical Review 66:2 (April 1980), pp. 205 to 229.
Scholarly journal article · EN · No public link
- WBAT
Japanese Wikipedia, "バテレン追放令" (accessed 19 Oct 2026), including its transcription of the Matsura family document. Tertiary; use only alongside the JTA chronology.
Encyclopedia (tertiary) with primary transcription · JA · ja.wikipedia.org
- WAK
Wakayama Prefectural Archives, education worksheet "キリシタン禁制" with the full text of the 1682 (Tenna 2) anti-Christian notice board.
Prefectural archive / primary text · JA · lib.wakayama-c.ed.jp
- LAURES
Sophia University, Laures Kirishitan Bunko digital archive, notice board (kōsatsu) of 1682, item JL-KOSATSU-1682-KB1.
Original object (digitized) · JA · digital-archives.sophia.ac.jp
- EKOK
e-Kokuho (National Institutes for Cultural Heritage), "板踏絵 無原罪の聖母," Tokyo National Museum C-711, part of the Important Cultural Property group 長崎奉行所キリシタン関係資料.
National museum catalogue record · JA · emuseum.nich.go.jp
- WFUMI
Japanese Wikipedia, "踏み絵" (accessed 19 Oct 2026). Tertiary.
Encyclopedia (tertiary) · JA · ja.wikipedia.org
- SEINAN
Seinan Gakuin University Museum, collection database (kōsatsu boards of 1682 and 1711, 1868 notice boards, Maria Kannon, Ikitsuki objects, fake fumi-e).
University museum catalogue · JA · seinan-gu.ac.jp
- SNY248
Nakazono Shigeo, "かくれキリシタン信仰の御神体の祀り方," Ikitsuki lecture series, Hirado City Ikitsuki Museum Shima no Yakata (Oct 2018).
Museum curator essay · JA · shimanoyakata.hira-shin.jp
- SNY192
Nakazono Shigeo, "ぐるりよーざ," Ikitsuki lecture series, Shima no Yakata (May 2014).
Museum curator essay · JA · shimanoyakata.hira-shin.jp
- NIPPON
Nippon.com, "The Hidden Christians of Ikitsukishima: Japanese Islanders Who Kept the Faith" (interview with Nakazono Shigeo).
Feature journalism · EN · nippon.com
- ORBAS
Oratio.jp (Nagasaki Prefecture churches and heritage site), column "バスチャン伝説".
Official heritage site column · JA · oratio.jp
- NAGA9
Nagasaki City, Nagazine, "大浦天主堂" church history page (church/9).
Municipal history page · JA · city.nagasaki.lg.jp
- OR37
Oratio.jp, Orasho tsūshin vol. 37, on the discovery of 17 March 1865 and Petitjean's romanized note.
Official heritage site article · JA · oratio.jp
- NAGA12
Nagasaki City, Nagazine, "浦上天主堂" / Urakami history page (church/12).
Municipal history page · JA · city.nagasaki.lg.jp
- SANP
San Paolo (Pauline publishers, Japan), "カトリック入門" no. 81, on the Urakami crackdowns.
Catholic publisher article · JA · sanpaolo.jp
- ARCH
Archdiocese of Nagasaki, 2018 page on the 150th anniversary of the Urakami exile (tabi).
Archdiocesan page · JA · nagasaki.catholic.jp
- NAJ
National Archives of Japan, "日本のあゆみ," entry on the 1873 removal of notice boards (Dajōkan Proclamation No. 68, 24 Feb 1873); document image at digital.archives.go.jp/img/1386554.
National archive / original document · JA · archives.go.jp
- NDL
National Diet Library, "日本国憲法の誕生," text of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (1889), Article 28.
Primary legal text · JA · ndl.go.jp
- JUN
Junshin Seibokai (Nagasaki Junshin Sisters), founder page, "ヤヌワリオ 早坂久之助司教".
Religious institute biography · JA · n-junshinseibokai.or.jp
- JACAR
Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR), glossary entry "宗教団体法"; signed original at digital.archives.go.jp/file/137999.
National archive glossary · JA · jacar.go.jp
- ARCH25
Archbishop Peter Michiaki Nakamura, homily for the 9 August 2025 Mass, Archdiocese of Nagasaki.
Archdiocesan homily · JA · nagasaki.catholic.jp
- ABM
Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, exhibit text on damage (Urakami Cathedral; Nagai Takashi).
Museum exhibit text · JA · nabmuseum.jp
- NAGAI
Nagasaki City Nagai Takashi Memorial Museum, "業績と年表" (chronology).
Municipal museum chronology · JA · nagaitakashi.nagasakipeace.jp
- SCAP
SCAPIN-448, "Abolition of Governmental Sponsorship, Support, Perpetuation, Control, and Dissemination of State Shinto" (15 Dec 1945), full text in the Nagoya University SCAPIN database.
Primary document · EN · jahis.law.nagoya-u.ac.jp
- CONST
Constitution of Japan (promulgated 3 Nov 1946), Article 20, official translation, Japanese Law Translation (Ministry of Justice).
Primary legal text · EN/JA · japaneselawtranslation.go.jp
- CBCJ24
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, "カトリック教会現勢 2024" (statistics, published July 2025).
Official church statistics · JA · cbcj.catholic.jp
- SYN
CBCJ Synod Special Team, "シノドス的教会を目指して 日本のカトリック教会の挑戦" (dated 4 May 2024, posted 28 Jun 2024).
Bishops' conference report · JA · cbcj.catholic.jp
- CT08
Christian Today (Japan), "長崎で日本初の列福式 江戸期の殉教188人福者に," 25 Nov 2008.
News · JA · christiantoday.co.jp
- CBCJ17
CBCJ news, beatification of Justo Takayama Ukon, Osaka, 7 Feb 2017.
Bishops' conference news · JA · cbcj.catholic.jp
- UNESCO
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, "Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region" (no. 1495, inscribed 2018).
International heritage listing · EN · whc.unesco.org
- VAT19
Holy See, programme of Pope Francis's apostolic journey to Thailand and Japan, 19 to 26 Nov 2019.
Primary (Vatican) · EN · vatican.va
- KASHIRA
Nagasaki Prefecture cultural properties database, "頭ヶ島天主堂" (Important Cultural Property).
Prefectural heritage record · JA · pref.nagasaki.jp
- HIRO
Catholic Diocese of Hiroshima, notice of a pilgrimage to the Fukuyama exile sites of the Urakami Yonban Kuzure (PDF).
Diocesan pilgrimage notice · JA · hiroshima.catholic.jp
- TSUW
Tsuwano Catholic Church (Diocese of Hiroshima), "浦上から津和野へ" (Otome-tōge witnesses pages).
Parish history page · JA · tsuwano.catholic.hiroshima.jp
- F1
Peter Nosco, "Secrecy and the Transmission of Tradition: Issues in the Study of the 'Underground' Christians," Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 20:1 (1993) 3-29, doi:10.18874/jjrs.20.1.1993.3-29
Scholarly article (open access) · EN · nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp
- F2
UNESCO/ICOMOS nomination and evaluation documents for site 1495 (2018)
Nomination dossier · EN · whc.unesco.org
- F3
Japan Tourism Agency, "The Last Major Arrest: The Fourth Urakami Crackdown" (PDF)
Official heritage commentary · EN · mlit.go.jp
- F4
Japan Tourism Agency, "Foreign Religion Incidents (the Urakami Crackdowns)" (PDF)
Official heritage commentary · EN · mlit.go.jp
- F5
"The Yasukuni shrine affair: Paolo Marella..." (Univ. of Tübingen publication), doi:10.15496/publikation-101912
Scholarly · EN · doi.org
- F6
UCA News, "Origin of prayer of hidden Christians found in Spain" (28 Dec 1988)
News (period report on Minagawa's find) · EN · ucanews.com
- F7
Propaganda Fide, instruction Pluries instanterque (26 May 1936), AAS 28 (1936) 406-409; web text PDF at orbis.info
Primary (Vatican) · EN/LA · orbis.info
- F8
上智大学 OCW, 「靖国神社事件を見直す」 (2008 lecture)
University lecture · JA · ocw.cc.sophia.ac.jp
- F9
「生月島オラショとグレゴリオ聖歌」, Sophia University repository
Scholarly article · JA · sophia.repo.nii.ac.jp
- F10
「生月のかくれキリシタン研究」, Kyushu University repository PDF
Scholarly article · JA · api.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp
- F11
Shima no Yakata, Ikitsuki lecture on Sakaime Gozensama (view/428)
Museum curator essay · JA · shimanoyakata.hira-shin.jp
- F12
「伴天連追放令の研究」, Kanazawa repository hdl 10129/2079
Scholarly · JA · hdl.handle.net
- F13
National Archives of Japan, signed original of the Religious Organizations Law (1939)
Original document · JA · digital.archives.go.jp
- F14
Agustín Rivera Hernández, "Los cristianos ocultos. Apuntes del catolicismo en Japón" (2019), Dialnet 7708290
Scholarly article · ES · dialnet.unirioja.es
- F15
El Imparcial, "Ikitsuki, isla de peculiar tradición cristiana"
Opinion/journalism · ES · elimparcial.es
- F16
Cartas que os padres e irmãos da Companhia de Iesus escreuerão dos Reynos de Iapão & China... 1549 até 1580 (Évora, 1598), 2 vols, Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
Original printed letters (incl. Xavier) · PT · purl.pt
- F17
Same, Coimbra University Biblioteca Geral Digital copy
Original printed letters · PT · digitalis-dsp.uc.pt
- F18
La Croix, "Au Japon, 150e anniversaire de la découverte des « chrétiens cachés »" (13 Mar 2015)
News · FR · la-croix.com
- URAHUKU
Urakami Cathedral parish history pages, "復活後の迫害1" (draws on Urakawa Wasaburō, 浦上切支丹史, and the memoirs of Kataoka Sada, Takagi Sen'emon and Moriyama Jinzaburō)
Parish history with primary memoir extracts · JA · uracathe.sakura.ne.jp
- URARET
Urakami Cathedral parish history pages, "総流配より帰郷後の窮乏 / 仮聖堂の建立 / 十字架山参詣地設立" (quotes Sada's memoir and Nagasaki Prefecture reports)
Parish history with primary memoir extracts · JA · uracathe.sakura.ne.jp
- URAPEACE
Urakami Cathedral parish history pages, "平和の建設 / 仮聖堂の建立（原爆後）"
Parish history · JA · uracathe.sakura.ne.jp
- TSUWW
Tsuwano Catholic Church (Diocese of Hiroshima), "乙女峠の証し人たち" and its box extract.
Parish history page · JA · tsuwano.catholic.hiroshima.jp
- ORHIG
Oratio.jp (Nagasaki Prefecture), column "バスチャンの日繰りとは？" (text by Kawamura Noriko)
Official heritage site column · JA · oratio.jp
- JTA1873
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, "高札撤去：信仰が自由な時代へ" (PDF, c.2022)
Official heritage commentary · JA · mlit.go.jp
- SNY423
Nakazono Shigeo, "生月学講座：かくれキリシタンの画期," Shima no Yakata (posted Nov 2024)
Museum curator essay · JA · shimanoyakata.hira-shin.jp
- NNP25
Nagasaki Shimbun, report on the San Jiwan festival at Karematsu Shrine, 4 Nov 2025
News · JA · nagasaki-np.co.jp
- AMAMI
Aso Masaru, "1930年代奄美大島におけるカトリックをめぐる排撃と「排除の景観」の形成," Jinbun Chiri 63:1 (2011)
Peer-reviewed article · JA · jstage.jst.go.jp
- ELISON
George Elison (Jurgis Elisonas), English translation of the 1587 expulsion edict, quoted in Carla Tronu Montane, Sacred Space and Ritual in Early Modern Japan (PhD thesis, SOAS, 2012), p. 102; note appears to cite Elisonas 2006, Sources of Japanese Tradition vol. 2, pp. 167-168 (to confirm).
Published scholarly translation (via thesis) · EN · eprints.soas.ac.uk
- ITO28
National Diet Library, Birth of the Constitution of Japan, The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, translated by Ito Miyoji (1889), Article 28.
Official translation (primary) · EN · ndl.go.jp
- JTA-BASTIAN
Japan Tourism Agency, Multilingual Commentary Database, R1-00788 (Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture: inherited traditions; Urakami crackdowns). Now read in full: official English and Japanese of Bastian's four prophecies., now also cited for the prophecy sentence.
Official heritage commentary · EN/JA · mlit.go.jp
- NAGAZINE2
Nagasaki City, Nagazine, 発見！長崎の歩き方 (Urakami): gives 660 exile deaths (matches footnote 22).
Municipal history page · JA · city.nagasaki.lg.jp
- KAMADA
Kamada Yoshiko, 浦上村キリシタン流配事件: 大和郡山藩の事例, Ritsumeikan Bungaku 612 (2009), Table 1: exiles received by each of 20 domains (total 3,371).
Peer-reviewed article · JA · ritsumei.ac.jp
- FURUSU
Fr. Kaoru Furusu, "Santa Maria Was There!" (play script, 150th anniversary of the Discovery, performed at Brick Hall, Nagasaki, 2015), English translation by KAROLDVD-JC. Dramatization by a priest-historian: details found only here are Tradition / 'as dramatized'. Pre-show slide captions also useful (Xavier, Arima 1613, Shimabara 1627, Kurose, Bourelle, Takagi Sen'emon, Domingo Mori Matsujiro).
Dramatization (play script) · EN (tr. from JA) · No public link
- JTA-789
Japan Tourism Agency R1-00789, 'The Discovery of the Hidden Christians: Where is the Statue of the Virgin Mary?' Official English of Petitjean's letter of 18 March 1865 (one woman 'of about 40 or 50').
Official heritage commentary · EN · mlit.go.jp
- MIYOSHI11
Miyoshi Chiharu, 'Shinto, Nationalism and the Catholic Church in the Early Showa Era', 신학과 철학 (Theology and Philosophy, Sogang Univ.) 18 (2011), pp. 11-43
Peer-reviewed article · EN · No public link
- BREEN03
John Breen, chapter with running head 'Shinto and Christianity', in Mullins (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan (Brill, 2003), about pp. 249-276
Scholarly handbook chapter · EN · No public link
- CBCJ81
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, John Paul II in Japan: Mass with priestly ordinations, Urakami Cathedral (25 Feb 1981) and Martyrs' Mass, Matsuyama (26 Feb 1981)
Official Church text · JA · cbcj.catholic.jp cbcj.catholic.jp
- VAT19-HYPO
Holy See, Address on Nuclear Weapons at the Atomic Bomb Hypocenter Park (Nagasaki, 24 Nov 2019)
Official papal text · EN · vatican.va
- AMAKUSA-CITY
Amakusa City, 天草の﨑津集落とは, and 潜伏キリシタンに関する新史料を発見！ (2025, the 1806 ruling)
Municipal heritage pages · JA · city.amakusa.kumamoto.jp city.amakusa.kumamoto.jp
- ORATIO-RES
Nagasaki Prefecture, おらしょ こころ旅, World Heritage component pages and columns (Shitsu, Ōno, Shitsu Kyūjoin, Kuroshima, Nokubi, Tetsukawa, Egami)
Prefectural World Heritage site · JA · oratio.jp
- NAGBUNKA-DOZ-OSO
Nagasaki Prefecture cultural properties database: 堂崎教会 and 大曾教会
Prefectural heritage database · JA · pref.nagasaki.jp pref.nagasaki.jp
Compendium of local and lesser-known sources
Municipal chronologies, parish histories, diocesan pages and regional studies, each with a reliability note.
- OS-001
北斗市の文化財: 年表 (古墳時代から江戸時代まで) / Hokuto City cultural properties: local chronology
Ezo gold-mine Christians; 1639 executions · Hokkaido
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.hokuto.hokkaido.jp Documented
- OS-002
金山番所跡 / Site of the gold-mine guardhouse, Senkendake
Kanayama bansho (gold-mine guardhouse) site · Hokkaido
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · donan-museums.jp Disputed
- OS-003
秋田の殉教者 (秋田カトリック教会創立百周年記念誌より) / The martyrs of Akita (from the Akita parish centenary book)
Akita martyrs 1624; Innai silver mine · Tohoku · Akita
Church / diocese / parish · ja · catholic-niigata.net Tradition
- OS-004
会津若松 鶴ヶ城 / Tsurugajo castle, Aizu-Wakamatsu
Gamo Ujisato; Aizu · Tohoku · Fukushima
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-005
寿安舘（福原舘）跡／後藤寿庵廟堂 / Site of Juan's residence (Fukuhara-date) and Goto Juan mausoleum
Goto Juan residence and mausoleum · Tohoku · Iwate
Private local / personal site · ja · mou-rekisan.com Tradition
- OS-006
キリシタンゆかりの地をたずねて: クルスバ墓地横の橋 / Visiting Kirishitan sites: the bridge beside Kurusuba cemetery
Kibe arrest; Goto Juan · Tohoku · Iwate
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-007
クルス場（黒州婆） / Kurusu-ba ('Cross ground') cemetery
Kurusuba cemetery, Fukuhara (Mizusawa) · Tohoku · Iwate
Private local / personal site · ja · mou-rekisan.com Tradition
- OS-008
隠れ穴 / The hiding hole
Okago hiding hole · Tohoku · Iwate
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-009
首実検石 / The head-inspection stone
Okago martyrs · Tohoku · Iwate
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-010
大籠のキリシタン / The Kirishitan of Okago
Okago martyrs; iron industry · Tohoku · Iwate
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Disputed
- OS-011
大籠キリシタン殉教公園 / Okago Kirishitan Martyrs Park
Okago martyrs; memorial · Tohoku · Iwate
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-012
市指定有形文化財 後藤寿庵の碑 / Goto Juan's memorial stone (city cultural property), Nishi-Kamisawa, Tome
Goto Juan's death site and grave (Tome) · Tohoku · Miyagi
Private local / personal site · ja · mou-rekisan.com Tradition
- OS-013
仙台藩遣欧使節 支倉常長の出自と現代に生きる子孫 / Origins of Sendai envoy Hasekura Tsunenaga and his living descendants
Hasekura family, descendants and three graves · Tohoku · Miyagi
Private local / personal site · ja · hsaeki13.sakura.ne.jp Unverified
- OS-014
支倉常長の墓（支倉常長メモリアルパーク） / Hasekura Tsunenaga's grave (Memorial Park)
Hasekura's 'hidden' grave at Osato (d. 1654 tradition) · Tohoku · Miyagi
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · town.miyagi-osato.lg.jp Tradition
- OS-015
大柄沢キリシタン洞窟 / Ogarasawa Kirishitan cave
Hidden Mass cave; iron-working Christians · Tohoku · Miyagi
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-016
広瀬川の大橋のところにあるキリシタン殉教の像（仙台キリシタン殉教碑）について知りたい。 / NDL Collaborative Reference: the Sendai martyrs' statues
Library reference on the Sendai monument · Tohoku · Miyagi
Academic / archive / library · ja · crd.ndl.go.jp Documented
- OS-017
仙台キリシタン殉教碑 / Sendai Kirishitan martyrs' monument
Sendai martyrs' monument · Tohoku · Miyagi
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-018
広瀬川の殉教者 / The martyrs of the Hirose river
Carvalho and the Hirose river water-torture martyrs · Tohoku · Miyagi / Iwate
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-019
春日山林泉寺 / Kasugayama Rinsenji temple
Amakasu family grave · Tohoku · Yamagata
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-020
米沢の殉教者たち (ゆかりの地 米沢) / The martyrs of Yonezawa
Yonezawa martyrs 1629 · Tohoku · Yamagata
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-021
糠山の殉教地 / Nukayama martyrdom site
Yonezawa martyrs; Nukayama · Tohoku · Yamagata
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-022
北山原殉教地 / Hokusanbara martyrdom site
Yonezawa martyrs; rediscovery · Tohoku · Yamagata
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-023
ペトロ・カスイ岐部神父の生涯 (高木一雄著) / The life of Fr Petro Kasui Kibe, by Takagi Kazuo
Kibe full life with archival quotes · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Iwate; Tokyo
Church / diocese / parish · ja · tokyo.catholic.jp Tradition
- OS-024
靖国神社参拝事件 No.40 (Web Sophia 上智大学史資料室) / The Yasukuni Shrine visit incident (Sophia University archives series no. 40)
1932 Sophia University Yasukuni incident · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Academic / archive / library · ja · piloti.sophia.ac.jp Documented
- OS-025
甚内神社 施療院跡 / Jinnai shrine: site of the Franciscan hospital
Franciscan leprosy hospital, Asakusa; Date Masamune · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-026
元和のキリシタン殉教碑 芝口札の辻 / Genna Kirishitan martyrs' monument, Shibaguchi Fuda no tsuji
Great Edo Martyrdom 1623; Fuda no tsuji · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-027
江戸の大殉教（元和の殉教） / The Great Edo Martyrdom (Genna martyrdom)
Great Edo martyrdom 1623 (Fuda-no-tsuji) · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-028
江戸の殉教者 ジョアン原主水 / Edo martyr John Hara Mondo
Hara Mondo · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-029
江戸の殉教者 ペトロ・カスイ岐部 / Edo martyr Petro Kasui Kibe
Kibe · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Disputed
- OS-030
ペトロ・カスイ岐部神父の生涯 高木一雄著 (お知らせ 356) / Same Takagi article, news repost
Kibe (repost) · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Church / diocese / parish · ja · tokyo.catholic.jp Documented
- OS-031
東京都文京区 切支丹屋敷跡 (発掘調査報告書) / Kirishitan Yashiki site, Bunkyo: excavation report
Kirishitan yashiki excavation; Sidotti's bones · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Academic / archive / library · ja · sitereports.nabunken.go.jp Documented
- OS-032
伝馬町牢獄跡 十思公園 / Tenmacho prison site, Jisshi Park
Tenmacho prison; who was held there · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Disputed
- OS-033
日本キリシタン物語 24 / Japan Kirishitan Story, ch. 24
Edo and Yonezawa persecution narrative · Kanto and Edo/Tokyo · Yamagata; Tokyo
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-034
卯辰山 長崎キリシタン殉教者碑 / Utatsuyama: Nagasaki Kirishitan martyrs' monument
Urakami exiles at Kanazawa (Utatsuyama) · Chubu and Hokuriku · Ishikawa
Private local / personal site · ja · hyakumangoku.net Documented
- OS-035
卯辰山殉教者の碑訪問 / Visiting the Utatsuyama martyrs' monument
Utatsuyama confinement sites · Chubu and Hokuriku · Ishikawa
Small museum · ja · gallery-justo.info Documented
- OS-036
耕雲寺 / Koun-ji temple, Makigaya
Hara Mondo; Buddhist monk who sheltered him · Chubu and Hokuriku · Shizuoka
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-037
キリシタン灯籠 (常福寺) / Kirishitan lantern at Jofukuji
Kirishitan lanterns' (Oribe lanterns) · Kinki · Hyogo
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.himeji.lg.jp Disputed
- OS-038
京都 元和の大殉教者たち / Kyoto: the Genna great martyrs
Great Kyoto martyrdom 1619 · Kinki · Kyoto
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Disputed
- OS-039
南蛮寺跡（中京区蛸薬師通） / Nanbanji site (Takoyakushi-dori, Nakagyo)
Kyoto Nanbanji site · Kinki · Kyoto
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-040
小川牢屋敷 / Ogawa prison site
Ogawa prison; 26 martyrs; 1619 · Kinki · Kyoto
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-041
あけずの櫃内キリシタン遺物一式 / Kirishitan relics from the 'never-to-be-opened chest'
Ibaraki Sendaiji hidden Christians; 'never-open chest' · Kinki · Osaka
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.ibaraki.osaka.jp Documented
- OS-042
高山右近高槻天主教会堂跡 / Site of Takayama Ukon's Takatsuki church
Takatsuki church and Christian cemetery · Kinki · Osaka
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.takatsuki.osaka.jp Documented
- OS-043
浦上四番崩れ流配所 福山市内巡礼のお知らせ / Notice: pilgrimage to the Urakami exile sites in Fukuyama
Urakami exiles at Fukuyama; Yuri (Isabelina) · Chugoku · Hiroshima
Church / diocese / parish · ja · hiroshima.catholic.jp Disputed
- OS-044
鶴島 (キリシタンの流刑地) / Tsurushima, the Kirishitan exile island
Urakami exiles on Tsurushima · Chugoku · Okayama
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · okayama-kanko.jp Documented
- OS-045
浦上から津和野へ (乙女峠の証し人) / From Urakami to Tsuwano (Witnesses of Otome-toge)
Tsuwano exile: routes and numbers · Chugoku · Shimane
Church / diocese / parish · ja · tsuwano.catholic.hiroshima.jp Documented
- OS-046
乙女峠の証し人たち / The witnesses of Otome-toge
Tsuwano witnesses: names, documents, stories · Chugoku · Shimane
Church / diocese / parish · ja · tsuwano.catholic.hiroshima.jp Tradition
- OS-047
鳥取教会 (教会概要) / Tottori Catholic church (profile)
Urakami exiles at Tottori · Chugoku · Tottori
Church / diocese / parish · ja · hiroshima.catholic.jp Tradition
- OS-048
大道寺跡 (山口県埋蔵文化財調査報告 第186集) / Daidoji site (Yamaguchi Prefecture buried cultural property report 186)
Daidoji site excavation · Chugoku · Yamaguchi
Academic / archive / library · ja · ci.nii.ac.jp Unverified
- OS-049
萩教会 (教会概要) / Hagi Catholic church (profile)
Urakami exiles at Hagi; Villion · Chugoku · Yamaguchi
Church / diocese / parish · ja · hiroshima.catholic.jp Documented
- OS-050
小豆島 高山右近潜伏の地の石碑 / Shodoshima: monument to Takayama Ukon's hiding place
Takayama Ukon in hiding · Shikoku · Kagawa
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-051
小倉の殉教者 ディエゴ加賀山隼人 / Kokura martyr Diego Kagayama Hayato
Diego Kagayama Hayato · Kyushu · Fukuoka
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-052
日明の丘 愛宕公園（加賀山隼人の殉教地） / Hiagari hill, Atago park (Kagayama martyrdom site)
Hiagari hill (Atago park) martyrdom site · Kyushu · Fukuoka
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-053
能古島 / Nokonoshima island
Takayama Ukon; Nokonoshima · Kyushu · Fukuoka
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-054
1930年代奄美大島におけるカトリックをめぐる排撃と「排除の景観」の形成 / Anti-Catholic exclusion on Amami Oshima in the 1930s and 'landscapes of exclusion'
1930s anti-Catholic campaign on Amami Oshima · Kyushu · Kagoshima
Academic / archive / library · ja · jstage.jst.go.jp Documented
- OS-055
京泊教会跡（ロザリオの聖母聖堂） / Kyodomari church site (Our Lady of the Rosary)
Dominicans in Satsuma; Leo Saisho; Japanese Madonna in Manila · Kyushu · Kagoshima
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-056
薩摩の殉教者 レオ税所七右衛門 / Satsuma martyr Leo Saisho Shichiemon
Leo Saisho Shichiemon, Satsuma martyr · Kyushu · Kagoshima
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-057
平佐城跡 / Hirasa castle site
Leo Saisho; Hirasa castle · Kyushu · Kagoshima
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-058
ヤジロウとザビエル (かごしまノスタルジア) / Yajiro and Xavier (Kagoshima Nostalgia blog)
Yajiro (Anjiro): grave tradition and death · Kyushu · Kagoshima
Private local / personal site · ja · reanndorodominngesu.livedoor.blog Tradition
- OS-059
天草の殉教者 アダム荒川 / Amakusa martyr Adam Arakawa
Adam Arakawa, Amakusa martyr · Kyushu · Kumamoto
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-060
天草崩れ (宗門心得違い事件) / The Amakusa collapse (the 'religious misunderstanding' affair)
Amakusa kuzure 1805: 5,205 'misguided' · Kyushu · Kumamoto
Private local / personal site · ja · amakusatanken.net Documented
- OS-061
熊本の殉教者 小笠原玄也一家 / Kumamoto martyrs: Ogasawara Gen'ya and family
Ogasawara Gen'ya family · Kyushu · Kumamoto
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-062
八代の殉教者たち / The martyrs of Yatsushiro
Yatsushiro martyrs; relics · Kyushu · Kumamoto
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Disputed
- OS-063
有家セミナリヨ跡 / Site of the Arie seminary
Arie seminary site; copperplate printing · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Unverified
- OS-064
有馬のセミナリオ跡 / Site of the Arima seminary
Arima seminary site; Kibe's school · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-065
バスチャンの日繰りとは？ / What is Bastian's calendar?
Bastian's calendar (hiokuri) · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · oratio.jp Documented
- OS-066
牢屋の窄殉教記念教会 / Rouya-no-Sako martyrs' memorial church, Hisakajima
Goto kuzure; Rouya no Sako · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.goto.nagasaki.jp Documented
- OS-067
生月学講座：かくれキリシタンの画期 / Ikitsuki studies lecture: a turning point for the kakure Kirishitan
Ikitsuki kakure: end of the organised groups 2024-25 · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Small museum · ja · shimanoyakata.hira-shin.jp Documented
- OS-068
黒瀬の辻（クルスの丘公園） / Kurose-no-tsuji (Hill of the Cross park)
Ikitsuki; Gaspar Nishi · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-069
ガスパル西玄可の墓（ガスパル様） / Grave of Gaspar Nishi Genka ('Gaspar-sama')
Ikitsuki; Gaspar-sama pine relic · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-070
一部氏館跡 / Site of the Ichibu residence
Ikitsuki; Ichibu clan · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-071
中江ノ島 / Nakaenoshima islet
Ikitsuki; Nakaenoshima · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-072
焼山教会堂、セミナリオ跡（堺目） / Yakiyama church and seminary site (Sakaime)
Ikitsuki; Yakiyama · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-073
枯松神社 (市指定史跡) / Karematsu shrine (city historic site)
Karematsu shrine (Sotome); Kirishitan shrines · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.nagasaki.lg.jp Documented
- OS-074
北有馬町谷川のキリシタン墓碑 / Kirishitan gravestone at Tanigawa, Kita-Arima
Kirishitan gravestone 'Rushiya' (Arima) · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · pref.nagasaki.jp Tradition
- OS-075
西彼町のキリシタン墓碑（2基） / Two Kirishitan gravestones at Seihi-cho
Kirishitan gravestones, Saikai · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.saikai.nagasaki.jp Documented
- OS-076
「かくれキリシタン」信徒ら、枯松神社でオラショささげ / 'Kakure Kirishitan' believers offer orasho at Karematsu shrine
Kurosaki kakure community today · Kyushu · Nagasaki
News · ja · nagasaki-np.co.jp Documented
- OS-077
高札撤去, 信仰が自由な時代へ, / Removal of the notice boards: toward freedom of religion
Lifting of the notice boards 1873 and aftermath · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · mlit.go.jp Documented
- OS-078
歴史の小窓 大音寺坂「葉隠れ忠臣蔵」 (ミゼリコルディア本部跡) / Little window on history: Daionji slope (Misericordia HQ site)
Misericordia confraternity HQ · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Private local / personal site · ja · asahi-net.or.jp Documented
- OS-079
中浦ジュリアン神父 / Fr Julian Nakaura
Nakaura Julian · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-080
平戸市切支丹資料館: 周辺史跡情報 / Hirado City Kirishitan Museum: nearby sites
Neshiko (Hirado) kakure holy places and legends · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Small museum · ja · christian-sl.hira-shin.jp Tradition
- OS-081
「かくれキリシタン」信仰４６６年受け継ぐ集落の組織が解散…長崎県平戸市・生月島 / Hamlet organisation that kept 'kakure' faith 466 years dissolves (Ikitsuki)
Sakaime group dissolved; 'plaquette' donated · Kyushu · Nagasaki
News · ja · yomiuri.co.jp Documented
- OS-082
鉄川與助図面の展示について【鯨賓館ミュージアムからのお知らせ】 / Display of Tetsukawa Yosuke's drawings (Geihinkan Museum notice)
Tetsukawa Yosuke's drawings · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Private local / personal site · ja · official.shinkamigoto.net Documented
- OS-083
平和の建設 / 仮聖堂の建立（原爆後） / Building peace / the temporary church after the A-bomb
Urakami after the bomb: bell, temporary church, Nagai cherries · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Church / diocese / parish · ja · uracathe.sakura.ne.jp Documented
- OS-084
総流配より帰郷後の窮乏 / 仮聖堂の建立 / 十字架山参詣地設立 / Destitution after return from exile; temporary churches; founding of Jujiyama
Urakami return 1873: poverty, dysentery, Iwanaga Maki, Takaya house, Jujiyama · Kyushu · Nagasaki
Church / diocese / parish · ja · uracathe.sakura.ne.jp Documented
- OS-085
復活後の迫害1 / Persecution after the revival, part 1
Urakami Yonban Kuzure: secret chapels, Sada's testimony, ice-pond torture · Kyushu · Nagasaki; Wakayama; Shimane
Church / diocese / parish · ja · uracathe.sakura.ne.jp Documented
- OS-086
豊後崩れ（ぶんごくずれ） / The Bungo kuzure (mass arrests)
Bungo kuzure 1660-1682 statistics · Kyushu · Oita
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-087
日出殉教公園 / Hiji martyrs' park
Hiji martyrs park; interfaith memorial · Kyushu · Oita
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-088
日出藩成敗場跡地 / Site of the Hiji domain execution ground
Kagayama Hanzaemon; Hiji execution ground · Kyushu · Oita
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Tradition
- OS-089
ペトロ・カスイ岐部公園 / Petro Kasui Kibe park
Kibe memorial park · Kyushu · Oita
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-090
国見ふるさと展示館 / Kunimi hometown exhibition hall
Kibe museum, Kunimi · Kyushu · Oita
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-091
ペトロ・カスイ岐部 －日本人巡礼者として聖地エルサレムへ－ (広報おおいた 1985年7月号) / Petro Kasui Kibe: to Jerusalem as a Japanese pilgrim (Koho Oita, July 1985)
Kibe statue on Route 213; prefectural profile · Kyushu · Oita
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · pref.oita.jp Disputed
- OS-092
「明確なキリシタン墓は発見に至らなかった」 大分県国東市で調査委員会が結論 / 'No definite Kirishitan graves found': Kunisaki City committee concludes
Kunisaki 'Kirishitan relics' debunked; Kibe hometown · Kyushu · Oita
News · ja · christiantoday.co.jp Documented
- OS-093
大分県 キリシタン殉教記念公園 / Oita: Kirishitan martyrs' memorial park
Kuzuki martyrs' park (Gokumonbaru) · Kyushu · Oita
Catholic site guide (Laudate) · ja · pauline.or.jp Documented
- OS-094
竹田市の謎の鐘とキリシタンの物語 / A Mysterious Bell and the Story of Christianity in Taketa
Santiago hospital bell (1612) hidden at Oka castle · Kyushu · Oita
Government / municipal / heritage body · multi (ja/en/zh/ko) · mlit.go.jp Documented
- OS-095
下藤地区キリシタン墓地 (発掘調査報告書) / Shimofuji Kirishitan cemetery: excavation report
Shimofuji Kirishitan cemetery, Notsu (Usuki) · Kyushu · Oita
Academic / archive / library · ja · sitereports.nabunken.go.jp Documented
- OS-096
キリシタン洞窟礼拝堂（県指定史跡） / Kirishitan cave chapel (prefectural historic site)
Taketa cave chapel · Kyushu · Oita
Government / municipal / heritage body · ja · city.taketa.oita.jp Unverified
- OS-097
日本人初のエルサレム巡礼者 (特集 巡礼にまつわる歴史) / The first Japanese pilgrim to Jerusalem
Kibe in Jerusalem · Abroad and European-language
Academic / archive / library · ja · tohoku-gakuin.repo.nii.ac.jp Unverified
- OS-098
P. Pedro Kasui (1587-1639): Der letzte japanische Jesuit der Tokugawa-Zeit / Fr Pedro Kasui (1587-1639): the last Japanese Jesuit of the Tokugawa period
Cieslik's German biography article on Kibe · Abroad and European-language · (Kibe)
Academic / archive / library · de · dept.sophia.ac.jp Unverified
- OS-099
Samurai Martyrs: Father Peter Kibe / (same)
English popular Kibe biography · Abroad and European-language · (Kibe)
Private local / personal site · en · kirishtan.com Unverified
- OS-100
The Japanese Diaspora in the Seventeenth Century. According to Jesuit Sources / (same)
Japanese Christian diaspora; Kibe in Tonkin · Abroad and European-language · (Macao, SE Asia)
Academic / archive / library · en · redalyc.org Disputed
- OS-101
The Case of Christovão Ferreira / (same)
Ferreira's apostasy and life as Sawano Chuan · Abroad and European-language · Nagasaki
Academic / archive / library · en · sidoli.w.waseda.jp Disputed
- OS-102
ラウレスキリシタン文庫データベース / Laures Kirishitan Bunko Database
Laures Kirishitan Bunko Database · Japan-wide databases · Tokyo
Academic / archive / library · en · digital-archives.sophia.ac.jp Documented